wholesale licensed jewelry Southern Fujian ancient houses architectural characteristics and traditional customs of southern Fujian

kendra scott jewelry wholesale lot Features of dwellings in southern Fujian:
The style characteristics of the Ming Dynasty and ancient residential buildings followed the Central Plains Hanyu Building: First, the housing layout of the Han Dynasty courtyard house in the north, all of which are all configured on the left and right; The two ends are the spare spine; the third, the decoration and decoration of the building components such as wood, bricks, and stone; Fourth, the building is equipped with five elements and five colors; fifth, the building materials are mainly mixed with wood and masonry. Due to the influence of overseas culture, in modern times, it has also been compatible with overseas architectural characteristics in architectural materials and architectural forms. However, even modern private villas still have the architectural style characteristics of traditional ancient houses. The typical traditional houses are "Royal Palace -style" dongs. This "palace -style" large -scale dwelling residential building characteristics have a direct relationship with the surnames of the people in the south of the Central Plains from the south of the Central Plains. The layout of the "Palace" large -scale architectural layout is the axis symmetrical, multi -level advanced, and organic connections on the front and back, all of which are all configured. The characteristics of this building layout have been following at least from the Qin Dynasty. For example, the Afang Palace, which was burned in the long time of Xiang Yu in the Qin Dynasty, already has the characteristics of such architectural layout. The "Palace" big puppet is generally four pillars and three open rooms or six pillars. The houses of the Dafu must be allocated on the left and right. The halls, patios, and rooms must be connected by the corridor, reflecting the symmetry of the Chinese nation, the aesthetic consciousness of contact, and forming a building pattern centered on the patio.
"Royal Palace" is a closed building. In front of Dayu, a spacious stone city is generally laid. The gate of the head of the big head is concave, and some have small side doors on both sides. There is a lower hall at the entry, and two down rooms are built on the left and right. The lower hall stopped connecting the patio, and there were corridors on both sides of the patio. After walking through the seat and stepping on the stone steps and the corridor, the main house is the main house. The middle is the hall. There are large houses on the left and right of the halls. After that, there are small back halls and back rooms on both sides. This part is the owner's living house. There are huge corridors along the hall and the corridor in front of the large house. There are two small side doors on both sides, which can be located outside or protective. The large -scale "Royal Palace" is resumed in the back hall. There are corridors and compartments on both sides, and a row of flat houses are built as a kitchen and miscellaneous room. There are guards on both sides of the main house. There is a small hall in the corridor in the side of the Zhengyu, and the rest of the rooms are also housing. There are still corridors in front of the guard room, and some are small. In this way, the "palace -style" dumplings are all configured on the left and right, and the building characteristics are also connected. The roof of the "Palace" is a hanging mountain -style curve swallow ridge. The roof is covered with red tiles. The roofs of the lower room, the room, and the protective roof are low, and it is a hard mountain roof or a horse -headed gable wall. This kind of roof sloping is a concave curve, and the ends of the roof ridges are raised high, reflecting the aesthetic aesthetic consciousness of the Chinese nation. In addition, the roof of the main house is tilted, and the roof of the compartment and the roof of the house is low and slowly tilted. Therefore, the outline of the Dalu roof becomes a three -stage discount curve, that is, the middle height is formed. The situation makes the whole building more beautiful. According to historical books, the roof has been formed since the Qin Dynasty, and the ancient houses of southern Fujian have preserved the characteristics of this traditional building.
The "palace -style" big puppets are mostly wooden components such as wearing wooden frames, columns, beams, 枋, sandalwood, and 椽 all use tenon -and -mortise hinges to become a frame structure to carry the roof. Instead, the wall is not very load -bearing and only plays a blocking effect. For example, the partition wall of the hall and the large house, some are made of reeds or bamboo slices, and the outside is painted on the outside to form a wall. Some halls are made of wood. This wall has a light and seismic force due to thinness. The coastal area of ​​southern Fujian was forbidden to move the sea in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and the dwellings were razed by the ruins. The wall of brick mixture. Instead, it has become a architectural feature that contains historical and culture.
The wooden, brick, and stone structure decoration styles of the "palace -style" big tadpoles are relatively simple in the Ming and early Qing dynasties, and the materials are also large. Stone and so on. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, wood, bricks, and stone structures became more and more particular about carving, and their styles were changing. As the corridor eaves of the house door, there are rare carvings in the Ming Dynasty. It was sent out in the late Qing Dynasty. The eaves and moon beams were carved. The wooden components such as bucket arch, bird replacement, and hump are carved with flowers, animals, characters and other images. The vertical simple wood of the eaves has round carved flowers blue or hanging lotus flowers. There is a stone carving plaque of the owner's surname county, and the stone carving "Wu Members" are decorated. The wall is packed with fine grinding slate or tiles, decorated with flowers, birds, animals, or characters.
The wooden grid door on the hall, two parts: grid composition and skirt plate, all of which are decorated with various patterns, especially flowers and birds and wood carvings. There are wooden windows in the rooms, and the styles include grid windows, support windows, railing windows, and threshold windows, all of which have woodcarving patterns. The main house is the characteristics of "light halls in the light hall". The large house and the rear room sunroof are small, and the outward windows are high and small. Window crickets outside the tadpoles are generally decorated with stone sculpture railings.
The wall skirts on the outside of Dafu are built with fine grinding stones, while the door wall skirts include relief, line carving, etc. The patterns include flowers, birds, characters, and celebrity poetry questions. The improper features on the wall skirt are often decorated with brick carving. There is a pair of door pillow stones in the Gate of Datong Gate, with hugs and stones, and carved. There are styles such as anvil, basin, drum, bottle and other styles in the foundation of wooden pillars. There are generally no carving in the Ming Dynasty, and it has been carved since the Qing Dynasty.
The "Palace -style" large -scale red floor bricks are laid in the ground floor. Large -sized stones are laid on the edge of the corridor in front of the hall. The patio is also laid, and the underground culverts with sewage excretion are built. The Song and Ming dynasties were strictly standardized for the color painting of the residential buildings. Since the Qing Dynasty, the residential buildings have begun to have paintings. Since my country has the five elements of yin and yang since ancient times, coloring is also matched with five elements and five colors, namely green, red, yellow, white, and black. The "Royal Palace" dumplings in southern Fujian are generally painted with green and red color. For example, the lacquer paint of the beams and columns is made of vermilion.
The "palace -style" big crickets are mixed with wood and bricks and stones as the main structure. Most of the wooden components are fir, and the brick tiles are selected from the local red soil winding products. The stone is a variety of granite. The architectural structure reflects the characteristics of lintel and arched compatibility of wood, bricks, and stone mixes.
The custom of worshiping the heavens and the moon, the mountains, the grass and trees of the sun, the mountains, the grass and trees of natural things since ancient times. There are also related customs in the traditional dwellings of southern Fujian. Before building a house, before the "Grand Erotic", "Mr. Feng Shui" should be selected for the land. Generally, people's houses avoid Zhengnan and north, and most of them are east, and most of them are used. The ancient dwellings of Jinjiang generally sat northeast to the southwest, and it was the "Gen Kun Ugly" position. "Great Da Ye" is generally on the mountain, that is, Shunling veins. These are very scientific. However, there are also location and orientation, and it is necessary to determine the orientation and construction time according to the "annual profit" of the year. At the beginning of the construction, we must "move the soil" to sacrifice "Land Gong", that is, digging around the house with the east to the west with an iron cone, and a "land male" spirit position in the hall of the house base. Essence During the construction process, every second and sixteen of the lunar calendar must be sacrificed "Land Gong". Generally, the ditch is left in the east side of the house, and the dog hole is left on the west. It is called "Donglong and West Tiger".
The newly -built Datu is generally used to hanging "sky and earth lights" under the eaves of the patio, which is updated once a year. This is the worship of heaven and earth since ancient times. Small shrines are generally set on the kitchen stove wall. There are images of stoves, and the "Commander of the Stove" on the red paper book is sacrificed according to the prescribed time. The general house does not paint the "door god", but there are customs of the people in the folk, and the customs of "gossip" hanging on the top of the door with the custom of worsen evil spirits. On the walls of some three forks, there are also "Shi Guo Dang" stone monument. "Shi Dang" was first from the Western Han Dynasty "Urgent Chapters": "Master Tiger, Shi Dang Dang, not invading, Long Weiyang." The most famous is "Taishan Stone Dare to Be". The people believe that they can be ghosts and disaster disaster. In addition, there is a custom that the doors and windows of the houses and windows should be separated by the wall. In the 192nd and 1930s, the southern Fujian dwellings appeared in the overseas Chinese residential buildings that integrate overseas architecture, but still retained rich national characteristics. As of the 1960s and 1970s, a large number of stone houses with a large number of structures in southern Fujian dwellings. On the one hand, it reflects the depletion of rural resources in southern Fujian and the decline of the economy, and on the other hand, it also reflects the loss of national traditional culture. The ancient houses of southern Fujian are one of the crystallization of the civilization of the Chinese nation. It is rigorous, delicate, practical, and beautiful. Even in front of modern villas, there is nothing inferior.
Ancient houses in southern Fujian reflect the historical and cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation and southern Fujian region. Compared with the outstanding example of the ancient houses of the ancient residential buildings of the Han people in the Han Dynasty, the ancient houses of the ancient houses of the Chinese Han nation, and the typical exquisite Guangzhou Chen Chen Academy, which is known as the southern architecture of China, has its common building characteristics. The form of courtyard courtyard has obvious mid -axis, left and right symmetrical, and the main and orderly -oriented -oriented features have beautiful pattern carvings in wood, brick, and stone building components. However, there are different characteristics. Compared with the ancient houses of Pingyao, the ancient houses of Pingyao's house wall tiles, floor tiles, and tile lid are all cyan -gray. The roof does not have a tulip ridge at both ends. The ancient dwellings of Jinjiang in southern Fujian. Compared with Guangzhou Chen's Academy, there is no concave curve beauty at the roof of the Chen's Academy. There is also a prominent characteristic of ancient houses in southern Fujian, that is, the stone plaque engraved with the owner of the owner's surname is embedded at the gate of the gate.
At present, many scholars engaged in architectural history and theoretical research believe that traditional ancient houses are a wisdom treasure house that is far from being fully recognized by modern people. The ancient dwelling architecture covers a variety of contents such as science, sociology, and culture, highlighting the high wisdom of the ancients in order to take into account the needs of the geographical environment, economic interests and cultural traditions. We protect and study these building relics should have the dual significance of inheritance and development in terms of culture and economy. Ancient Chinese architecture is part of the humanistic spirit and life blood of China. The ancient residential architecture contains mature aesthetics, condensing the family inheritance of generations, and carrying a strong popularity. In the past, local history lacked records. At present, due to natural sand and artificial destruction, this national and folk cultural heritage is about to disappear.
The New Year's customs in the southern Fujian area are different from cities. There are many rural farmhouses, and there are many houses. In addition to the Spring Festival couplet, two sides of the door of the door should also be put on the roots of sugarcane with red paper, called "doorcane". Good realm. The table in the hall is the "spring branches" with red and yellow paper tied with red and yellow paper for the following years, long -term dishes, and hair cakes. Each family must stack the potato rattan branches outside the door, ignite the smoke around the fire, and the man jumped over this pile of flames according to his generation, and jumped into it: "Jump in, get rich every year; jump out, worry -free, worry -free worry There is no carefree; jump over the east, the grain can not eat empty; skip the west, money and silver rolling. "This is called" overfire group ", which symbolizes the burning of the old age of the old age, disaster relief, and ushered in cleanliness. Daili's New Year. After the "jumping fire group", we must use a new broom to clean the hall. After the sweeping, the broom fights together, and the garbage is stacked by the door. I hope that I will come out of the broom and help the sender to get rich. At the same time, the remaining ash that is not extinguished by the jumping group should be collected in the charcoal furnace, which is called "Tianwang", which symbolizes more prosperous. Parents led the daughter to sit next to the stove, called "the furnace keeps the year", and it is best to stay on the night. It is said that this is a life for the parents. At this time, the elders gave the juniors to the New Year's money, called "dividing circle". With the progress of society and the accelerated pace of life, some tedious customs in the southern Fujian villages have gradually been abolished, but the customs that farmers look forward to good years are still retained. Especially in the cold winter of the "furnace", the whole family was talked about in a warm and baked small oven. It described the old age to look forward to the future. How warm and happy.

The traditional wedding customs of southern Fujian
. Preparation:

① Employment money: The man must go to the female house with the matchmaker, and talk about the number of hires with his family. Usually take even.

② Talking about hiring gifts: types, names, quantities, and proportion, all are calculated. burden.

③ Booking Date: Both sides have to ask for calculations according to the "eight characters" of both men and women. Select the good day of the wounded parties. The man will be hired and sent to the woman's house lively.

. Implementation of the gift

① ritual cake: commonly known as "big cake and cheese flower". "Big Cake" is the special bowl mouth of the big horseshoe crispy, two packages, red paper bags, hundreds of thousands of bags. The "cheese flower" is the fried hollow glutinous rice bar, which is wrapped in syrup and sticks to "rice incense" (popcorn). The "four -color cake" is a variety of packaging into seal small pie. According to the number of "big cakes", it is matched with the corresponding "cheese flower" and "four -color cake".

② ritual sugar: Big sugar -pressed into a medium -lump, small — solid small pieces of sugar. "Big Sugar Small" is auspicious in dragon and phoenix or happy character patterns, or "a hundred years of good", which is matched proportionally.

③ whole pork whole sheep or pork leg. The woman accepted pigs and mutton, but her feet needed to refund the male home. As the saying goes, "The meat is given to people, and the bones will not be given," otherwise, it is "vulgar", that is, disrespect to the male family.

④ Facial line: The meaning of longevity is the blessing to the newcomer and longevity.

⑤ rock sugar: winter melon sugar, orange cake persimbu fruit (persimmon), raw flowers (sugar flowers) jujube, that is, "eating sweet after birth," the auspiciousness of the apartment, the meaning of the noble son early.

⑥ 瓮 瓮, living chicken live duck, and the long -lasting peace, harmonious and peaceful, the woman leaves wine and returns chickens and ducks.

⑦ Dragon and phoenix big red candle, ritual cannon, ritual fragrance, dragon and phoenix candle for women to hold a "top" (crown) ceremony before marriage.

⑧ jewelry, bracelets, rings, necklaces, gold and silver and other jewelry: Women are worn before marrying to pray for richness and rich life, and also contain the meaning of exorcism.

⑨ Pan head shirts: new clothes, embroidered shoes, four seasons, general four, eight sets, or more, more even, red as the main, red.

⑩ Delivery the southern wedding book to the woman.

. The female family returns:

① Accept most of the gift cakes and gift sugar, return a small part, commonly known as the "bottom of the box".

② Accepted the pigs and mutton, returned to the pig's foot

③ Back to the son -in -law's wedding dresses, clothes, socks, four treasures of the study room, and other gifts. Essence

④ Fill in the woman's wedding book and deliver the matchmaker to the man's house, which is the role of a marriage certificate. At this point, it is Yuan Ding for life. The marriage announcement is successful

The worship of the stove god is an important part of many worship activities in the southeast of Southeast Haiyu. Twenty -three lunar lunar month (some are twenty -four) are the days of folk sacrifice gods.