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buy wholesale jewelry usa 1. The current commonly used polishing methods are the following:
.1 mechanical polishing
mechanical polishing is to remove the polished method with cutting and morality of the surface of the material. Oil stones, wool wheels, sandpaper, etc. are mainly manual operations. Special parts, such as the surface of the rotation, can use auxiliary tools such as turning tables. The high surface quality requirements can be used to use the method of super fine research throwing. The superb research throw is a special mill. In the research throwing liquid containing abrasives, it is tightly pressed on the surface of the workpiece to be processed and performs high -speed rotation. Using this technology can reach the surface roughness of RA0.008 μM, which is the highest among various polishing methods. This method is often used in optical lens molds.
1.2 Chemical polishing
The chemical polishing is to allow the micro -protruding part of the material in the chemical medium to dissolve priority than the concave part, so as to obtain smooth surface. The main advantage of this method is that no complex equipment is required. It can be polished and complicated. It can polish many workpieces at the same time and high efficiency. The core problem of chemical polishing is the preparation of polishing fluid. The surface roughness obtained by chemical polishing is generally 10 μm.
1.3 Electrolytic polishing
The basic principles of electrolytic polishing are the same as chemical polishing, that is, the surface of the selective dissolved material is slightly protruding, making the surface smooth. Compared with chemical polishing, the effect of cathode reaction can be eliminated, and the effect is better. The electrochemical polishing process is divided into two steps:
(1) The macro -level solubility product spreads to the electrolyte, the geometric surface of the material decreases, and RA> 1 μM.
(2) The slightly glimmer of the anode is polarized, the surface light is increased, and RA u003C1 μm.
1.4 Ultrasonic polishing
The put the workpiece into the abrasive suspension and placed it in the ultrasonic field together, relying on the oscillation of the ultrasonic wave to make the abrasive grinding and polishing on the surface of the workpiece. Ultrasound processing macro force is small and does not cause workpieces to deform, but it is difficult to make and installation. Ultrasonic processing can be combined with chemical or electrochemical methods. On the basis of the solution corrosion and electrolytic, the ultrasonic vibration stirring solution is applied to the surface dissolving product of the workpiece surface, and the corrosion or electrolyte near the surface is uniform; the empty effect of ultrasonic in the liquid can also inhibit the corrosion process, which is conducive to surface lighting.
1.5 fluid polishing
The fluid polishing is the purpose of relying on high -speed liquid and the surface of the grinding particles that is carried to achieve polishing. Common methods are: abrasive spray processing, liquid jet processing, fluid power grinding, etc. Fluid power grinding is driven by hydraulic pressure, which makes the liquid medium carrying abrasives from flowing to the surface of the workpiece at a high speed. The medium is mainly used for special compounds (polymer -like substances) that are excessive under low pressure and are made of abrasives. The abrasive can be used for silicon carbide powder.
1.6 Magnetic grinding and polishing
Magnetic grinding polishing is to form a abrasive brush by magnetic abrasives under the action of magnetic fields, and the workpiece grinding processing. This method has high processing efficiency, good quality, easy to control processing conditions, and good working conditions. With the appropriate abrasive, the surface roughness can reach RA0.1 μM.
The polishing in plastic mold processing is very different from the surface polishing required by other industries. Strictly speaking, the polishing of the mold should be called mirror processing. It not only has high requirements for polishing itself, but also has high standards for surface flatness, smoothness and geometric accuracy. The surface polishing is generally only required to obtain a bright surface. The standards for mirror processing are divided into four levels: AO = RA0.008 μM, A1 = RA0.016 μM, A3 = RA0.032 μm, A4 = RA0.063 μm, due to electrolyte polishing, fluid polishing and other methods, It is difficult to accurately control the geometric accuracy of parts, and the surface quality of chemical polishing, ultrasonic polishing, magnetic research grinding and polishing does not meet the requirements, so the mirror processing of precision molds is mainly mechanical polishing.
2.1 The basic program for mechanical polishing
If to obtain high -quality polishing effect, the most important thing is to have high -quality oil, sandpaper, and diamond grinding paste and other polishing tools and auxiliary products. The choice of polishing procedures depends on the surface conditions of the early processing, such as mechanical processing, electro -spark processing, grinding processing, and so on.
The general processes of mechanical polishing are as follows:
(1) The surface of rotating surface polishing machines or ultrasonic grinding on the surface of rotating speed at 35 000-40 000 RPM after the surface of thick tossing, electric spark, grinding and other processes can be selected. Polish the machine. The commonly used methods are to remove the white electro -spark layer with wheels with diameter φ 3mm and WA # 400. Then the handmade oil stones are grinded, and strip oil stones and kerosene are used as lubricant or cooler. The general order of use is #180 ~ #240 ~ #320 ~ #400 ~ #600 ~ #800 ~ #1000. Many mold manufacturers choose to start from #400 in order to save time.
(2) Semi -essence and semi -essence. Mainly use sandpaper and kerosene. The number of sandpaper is: #400 ~ #600 ~ #800 ~ #1000 ~ #1200 ~ #1500. In fact, #1500 sandpaper is only suitable for hardening mold steel (above 52HRC), not suitable for pre -hard steel, because this may cause pre -hard steel surface burns.
(3) Pinerous throwing mainly uses diamonds to develop abrasive paste. If you use a polished cloth wheel to mix diamonds to grind or grind the grinding paste, the usual grinding order is 9 μm ( #1800) ~ 6 μm ( #3000) ~ 3 μm ( #8000). The 9 μM diamond grinding paste and polishing cloth can be used to remove the hair abrasive grinding marks left by #1200 and #1500 sandpaper. Then use sticky felt and diamond grinding paste for polishing, and the order is 1 μm ( #14000) ~ 1/2 μm ( #60000) ~ 1/4 μm ( #100000).
This precision requirements can be performed in a clean polishing room in the mold processing workshop with a polishing process with an accuracy above 1 μM (including 1 μM). If you perform more precise polishing, there must be an absolutely clean space. Dust, smoke, dandruff and saliva foamy may be scrapped for several hours of work.
2.2 Pay attention to the problems of mechanical polishing
This sandpaper polishing should pay attention to the following points:
(1) Polishing with sandpaper needs to use soft wooden sticks or bamboo sticks. When polishing the round surface or spherical surface, using a cork stick can better match the radian of the round surface and the spherical surface. The harder wooden strip is like cherry wood, which is more suitable for flat surface polishing. The end of the wooden bar makes it consistent with the shape of the steel parts, so that the sharp angle of the wooden bar (or bamboo strip) can be used to contact the surface of the steel parts and causes deeper scratches.
(2) When changing different types of sandpaper, the polishing direction should be transformed by 45 ° ~ 90 °, so that the striped shadow left by the previous model of sandpaper can be distinguished after polishing. Before changing different types of sandpaper, you must use 100 %cotton with cleaning solution such as alcohol to carefully wipe the polished surface, because a small sand gravel stays on the surface will destroy the entire polishing work. This cleaning process is equally important when the sandpaper polishing to diamond grinding paste polishing. Before polishing, all particles and kerosene must be completely cleaned.
(3) In order to avoid scratching and burning workpiece surface, it is necessary to be careful when polishing with #1200 and #1500 sandpaper. Therefore, it is necessary to load a light load and use two -step polishing method to polish the surface. When polishing with each type of sandpaper, two polishing should be performed in two different directions, and each direction should be rotated by 45 ° ~ 90 ° each time.
The diamond grinding and polishing should be paid to the following points:
(1) This polishing must be as much as possible, especially when polishing pre -hard steel parts and polishing with finely polishing. When polishing with #8000 grinding paste, the common load is 100 ~ 200g/cm2, but it is difficult to maintain the accuracy of this load. In order to make this easier, you can make a thin and narrow handle on the wooden bar, such as adding a copper piece; or cut a part of the bamboo strip to make it softer. This can help control the polishing pressure to ensure that the surface pressure on the mold will not be too high.
(2) When using diamond grinding and polishing, not only is the working surface requirements clean, the workers' hands must also be carefully cleaned.
(3) The polishing time should not be too long. The shorter the time, the better the effect. If the polishing process is too long, it will cause "orange peel" and "point erosion".
(4) In order to obtain high -quality polishing effects, the polishing methods and tools that are prone to heat should be avoided. For example: polishing wheel polishing, the heat generated by polishing wheels can easily cause "orange peel".
(5) When the polishing process stops, it is very important to ensure that the surface of the workpiece is clean and carefully removes all abrasives and lubricants. Then spray a layer of mold rust coating on the surface.
Because mechanical polishing is mainly done by manual, polishing technology is still the main reason for polishing quality. In addition, it is also related to mold materials, surface conditions before polishing, and heat treatment processes. High -quality steel is a prerequisite for obtaining good polishing quality. If the surface hardness of the steel is uneven or characteristic, it will often cause polishing difficulties. Various miscellaneous materials and stomachs in steel are not conducive to polishing.
3.1 The effect of different hardness on the polishing process
The increased hardness increases the difficulty of grinding, but the roughness after polishing decreases. Due to the increase in hardness, the polishing time required to reach lower roughness increases accordingly. At the same time, the possibility of excessive hardness and excessive polishing are reduced accordingly.
3.2 The impact of the surface conditions of the workpiece on the polishing process
During the crushing process of cutting mechanical processing, the surface layer will damage due to heat, internal stress or other factors. Improper cutting parameters will affect the polishing effect. The surface of the electric spark processing is more difficult to grind after the surface of ordinary mechanical processing or thermal treatment. Therefore, before the end of the electro -spark processing, the fine -grade electrical spark can be repaired, otherwise the surface will form a thin layer. If the electrical spark refining regulations are not properly selected, the depth of the thermal impact layer can reach up to 0.4mm. The hardness of the hardening thin layer is higher than that of the matrix and must be removed. Therefore, it is best to add a rough grinding processing to completely remove the damaged surface layer to form an average rough metal surface, providing a good foundation for polishing processing.
The difference between blasting and sandblasting
The shots are the use of high -speed rotating impelios to throw the surface of the small steel ball or small iron pill out of the high -speed impact parts, so it can remove the oxidation layer on the surface of the part. At the same time, the surface of the steel pill or iron ball high -speed impact parts, resulting in the twisted lattice of the parts surface of the parts, which increases the surface hardness. It is a method of cleaning the surface of the parts. Dripping balls are often used to clean up the surface of the cast or strengthen the surface of the parts surface. deal with.
This blasting is used for rules and shapes. Several throws of heads are up and down together, with high efficiency and small pollution.
The shipbuilding, shipbuilding, shot blasting, sandblasting are commonly used. But whether it is shot blasting or sandblasting, it is used in the form of compressed air. Of course, it is not a rotating impeller that rotates high -speed. In general, the shipbuilding industry is generally used for pre -treatment of steel plates (small steel pills) (small steel pills) (small steel pills); sandblasting (mining sand for repair and shipbuilding industry) is mostly used for molding ships or segments. The role is to remove the old paint and rust on the steel plate and re -paint. In the repair and shipbuilding industry, the main role of blasting and sandblasting is to increase the adhesion of steel plate paint paint.
The casting is not just shot of shot blasting. For large pieces of large pieces, the drum is generally cleared first, which is to remove the surgery of the casting component and roll it in the drum. Most of the sand cleaned first and then blasted or sprayed.
The size of the blast ball is 1.5mm.
The research shows that in terms of destruction, the surface of the metal material is much easier than stress on stress, and when the surface is pressure stress, the fatigue life of the material is greatly improved. Components usually use jets to form surface pressure stress to improve product life. In addition, metal metal materials are very sensitive to stretching. This is why the stretching strength of the material is lower than the compression strength. This is also the stretch strength of metal materials. (Symbol, tensile) represents the reasons for the performance of the material.
The working surface of the steel plate we rides daily is strengthened with spray balls, which can significantly improve the fatigue strength of the material.
The shower is to use the motor to drive the impeller to rotate. The role of centrifugal force is thrown on the surface of the ball with a diameter of 0.2 ~ 3.0 (with the cast pill cutting pill stainless steel pill, etc.) to the surface of the workpiece Rough building, make the workpiece beautiful, or change the welding stress of the workpiece as compressive stress, improve the service life of the workpiece. Almost used in most areas of machinery, repair the surface bridge steel of the aircraft component of the car parts of the car, Structural glass reinforced steel plate pipelines, etc. Sand spray (pills) is a pill sprayed to the surface of the workpiece by using compressed air as a power of 40 ~ 120 destinations of 40 ~ 120, so that the workpiece can achieve the same effect. Different, the effect of the treatment is different. The focus is on: Spray balls can also play a role in strengthening. Now domestic equipment has entered a misunderstanding, thinking that only shot shot can achieve the purpose of strengthening. It is used for throw spray pills! Each has its own advantages. For example, workpieces like gear, the angle of the pill out of the pill cannot be changed, and can only change the initial speed with frequency conversion. The pills are just the opposite. The effect of blasting is not effective.
The sand spray is a method of cleaning the surface of the part to clean the surface of the parts with compressed air. The factory is also called blowing sand. Not only is it rust, but it can also be removed by oil, which is very useful for painting. Commonly used for rust removal of parts on the surface of the parts; the surface modification of the parts (the small wet -type sandblasting machine sold in the market is this purpose, the sand particles are usually rigidity, and the medium is water); in the steel structure The method of high -strength connection uses the friction between the binding surface to pass the force, so the quality requirements of the combined surface are very high. At this time, the combined surface must be treated with sandblasting.
The sand spray is used for complex shapes, easy to remove rust, not high efficiency, the on -site environment is not good, and rust removal is uneven.
The general sandblasting machines have various specifications of sandblast guns. As long as they are not particularly small box, they can put the gun in and fight.
Clasting the supporting product of the pressure container-The sealed head is used to remove the oxide skin on the surface of the workpiece. The diameter of the quartz sand is 1.5mm ~ 3.5mm.
Those who process parts are a kind of sandblast.
This shot blasting and sandblast can both clean up the workpiece and decontaminate. The purpose is to prepare the next order, that is, to ensure the roughness requirements of the lower process, and some of them to spray on the surface consistency, spray the surface consistency, spray spray Pills have a reinforcement effect on workpieces, and sand blasting is not obvious. Generally spraying is small steel balls, sand spraying is quartz sand. According to different requirements, the number of points.
The precision casting is almost every day with sandblasting and blasting.
Ilads:
1, blasting and sandblasting are all surface treatment, but it is not to say that only casting is not only the casting of the cast. The parts of the parts, and the role and function of shot blasting are more: not only removing rust, removing surface oxidation, but also increase the surface roughness, remove the parts of the parts to process the burrs, eliminate the internal stress of the parts, reduce the deformation of the parts after the heat treatment, increase the surface resistance of the parts Moving, compression capacity, etc.
3. There are many processes for spraying, such as: casting, forging, post -processing parts, parts at the heating of the parts at the table of heat treatment
4. And the blasting automation and semi -self -active multi -
5. The steel pills and iron pills used in shot blasting are not actually pills in the real sense. To be precise Later, it looked like a ball. The so -called sandblast sand speaking, which is just river sand, is no different from the building, but the sandblast is sieved, the mud is less, and the particles are only specified. Of course, some industries are also different. For example, the shots of the ship industry use real steel pills and sandblasts (not river sand-quartz sand).
mades (some duplicate, some conflicts):
1, pills and sand
are generally spherical granules, such as steel wire cut pills, etc. There are edges and corners, such as brown jade, Bai Gangyu, river sand, etc.
2, spray and throw
The spray is to compress the air as a power to spray the sand material or pill material to the surface of the material to achieve a clear and certain roughness.
This is a method of centrifugal force produced by the pills at high speed to impact the surface of the material to achieve removal and a certain roughness.

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