metal mafia wholesale jewelry The Silk Road Maritime Silk Road Pacific Silk Road tells me the characteristics of the characteristics of the time before and after

jewelry wholesale san jose The Silk Road refers to the commercial and trade routes that begin in ancient China, connecting ancient roads in Asia, Africa and Europe.
The landed Silk Road with Chang'an (now Xi'an) in the western Han Dynasty as the starting point, [1] The Eastern Han Dynasty took Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty as the starting point. Arrive in Xinjiang, passing Central Asia, West Asia and North Africa along the Oasis and Pamir Plateau, and finally arrived in Africa and Europe. [3] The Maritime Silk Road starts with the southeast coast of China, and through Land Road Silk Road
T: Emperor Wu Emperor summoned the messenger to the Western Regions and prepare to contact the Yueyue people who were rushed to the Western Regions by the Huns to the Western Regions. Strike the Huns. Zhang Huan, who is eager to build a country, resolutely recruited.
After 138 BC, he took more than a hundred followers to Chang'an West and was caught by the Huns on the way and detained for 11 years. He did not forget his mission, managed to escape, and went to Da Yue. At that time, the Yueyue had moved to the west for a long time, and he had no intention of fighting with the Huns. Zhang Jian returned to Chang'an and reported to Emperor Hanwu in the Western Regions, and his desire to communicate with the Han Dynasty.
The second time to the West Region: In 119 BC, Emperor Hanwu sent Zhang Jian to the Western Regions for the second time. Zhang Jian led the envoy, with tens of thousands of cattle and sheep and a large number of silk, to visit many countries in the Western Regions. All countries in the Western Regions also sent envoys to visit Chang'an. The exchanges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions have since become frequent.
The establishment of the western regions: countries in the Western Regions have attached to the Han Dynasty. In 60 BC, the Western Han Dynasty was established in the Western Regions. Since then, Xinjiang has begun to belong to the central government's jurisdiction and has become an inseparable part of my country.
This Chao operating Western Regions: In 73 AD, the Eastern Han Dynasty sent class to the Western Regions. He helped the Western Regions from the control of the Huns and was appointed by the Eastern Han Dynasty as the Western Regions. connect. Ban Chao once sent Gan Ying to the envoy Daqin, and Gan Ying arrived at the Persian Gulf. In 166, Daqin envoy came to Luoyang, which was the first direct exchanges between European countries with our country.

The advantages:
The opening up of the Silk Road strongly promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West, and played a positive role in promoting the prosperity of the Han Dynasty. This Silk Road is still an important channel for my country and Western exchanges. It still plays a significant role in today's foreign economic and cultural exchanges, and we should use it well.

C product exchange

It as the name of the "Silk Road", on this long road of more than 7,000 kilometers, silk is the same as the same original Chinese porcelain. East Asian strong civilization symbol. Silk is not only an important luxury consumer product on the Silk Road, but also an effective political tool for the government of the Chinese governments: when China ’s friendly envoys and farther countries, they often use the silk as an effective means of friendship between the two countries. In addition, the Western Chuan of Silk also changed the impression of Western countries to China. Due to the high price of silk and porcelain from West to Constantinople, quite a lot of people think that China and even East Asia are a rich and rich area. The heads of state and aristocracy of various countries once dressed in Chinese silk dyed with Phoenicia, and the home used as a symbol of glory using porcelain. In addition, Afghanistan has also flowed into Eurasia as the caravan's movement. The extensive spread of this trading product far from silk in Eurasia has contributed to driving Eurasian trade exchanges. This precious commodity was a symbol of wealth in the two river basins. When the green stone spread to India, the Buddhists there were worshiping the seven treasures of Buddhism there, adding a long religious color to the green stone. The spread of grapes, walnuts, carrots, pepper, bean, wave vegetables (also known as Persian cuisine), cucumber (known as Hu melon), pomegranate, etc. to add more choices to East Asian daily diet. Western specialty wines have been integrated into Chinese traditional wine culture through historical development. The caravan mainly ships iron, gold, silverware, mirrors and other luxury products from China. It is rare animals and birds, plants, leather goods, medicinal materials, spices, and jewelry.

The cultural exchanges

The ancient Chinese technology is currently known as the oldest print: The Diamond Sutra of the Tang Dynasty was discovered in Dunhuang. Papermaking has made huge contributions to the world's leading world in ancient China. However, this technology seems to have developed papermaking industries only in East and South Asia. With the opening of the Silk Road, paper products begin to appear in the Western Regions and farther place. People have discovered ancient paper in the second century in the archeology of Loulan's ruins. Although Central Asia also uses paper, no evidence of the paper industry is found. Many people think that the Western passage of papermaking has brought a huge change to Europe and Central Asia, but the initial change was cruel: the Tang Dynasty and the emerging Abbas dynasty in Central Asia continued. In the Battle of the Polos of the Central Asian political pattern, the Arabs brought the Chinese prisoners of war back to Samalham along the Silk Road, and these prisoners of war were Chinese craftsmen who were longer than papermaking. In the end, papermaking was spread to all parts of the world.
The desert desert in the Western Regions, the prosperity and water of various countries are often ineffective. The snowwater of Tianshan and Kunlun Mountain is one of the main supply water sources in the Western Regions. However, collecting these snow water is not easy, and the water accumulated in the foot of the mountain after melting will evaporate or infiltrate underground. When the Han Dynasty dispatched troops to hoard the agricultural development of the Western Regions, Kan'erjing and Jingqu technology circulating in the mountains were used by soldiers who also needed water sources in the Western Regions, and gradually spread to farther countries. Earlier in the Western Regions, Kan'er Well Technology was a controversial issue from China or Persia to the Western Regions. However, Jingqu technology and well -through method were confirmed to use China to pass to the West: "Historical Records" records that the general Li Guangli of the division Li Guangli attacked Dawan and used the method of cutting off the water sources to be besieged the city. However, "the new Chinese people in Wancheng know the wells", which has made the Dawan people persist for a long time.
The ancient Chinese printing is also one of the techniques that gradually spread to the west along the Silk Road. In Dunhuang, Turpan and other places, woodcuts and some paper products for carving have been found. Among them, the "Diamond Sutra" carved version of the Diamond Sutra is still preserved in the UK. This shows that printing in the Tang Dynasty has been spread at least to Central Asia. In the 13th century, many European travelers came to China along the Silk Road and brought this technology back to Europe. In the 15th century, Europeans Ge Tengbao printed a Bible with printing. In 1466, the first printing factory appeared in Italy, making this technology that facilitates cultural communication spread throughout Europe.

Religious ideological exchanges

The Western missionaries found in northern China during the Tang Dynasty (7th century) like the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism from the north and south side of the Great Desert of the Taklama Gan The Silk Road "Zi Tou Road is fully passed to the Western Regions. There are still many claims about the Western Region of Buddhism. However, the basic view of the academic community at home and abroad is that Buddhism had been introduced to the Western Regions at the end of the 1st century BC as early as the 2nd century BC. " Based on this, after the introduction of Buddhism in 87 BC, after the Western Regions were introduced in the Western Regions, from 60 BC to 10 BC, from the Buddhist sacred land in the west or north of the Buddhist sacred land to Yecheng, Sham Che, Tashkurgan, Kashgar, Aksu, Kuku The "Silk Road" in the Western Regions of the Western Regions of the car, the head of the car, and the northeast of the North Road and the northeast are spreading to the "Silk Road" north and south roads in the Western Regions of the Western Regions such as the end, Ruoqiang, Milan, and Loulan. In addition to Buddhism, worshiping fire, Mani, and Jingjiao also came to China with the Silk Road, and achieved many people's beliefs. And along the branch of the Silk Road, spread to South Korea, Japan and other Asian countries.
Beihuo religion (one is called 祆) is the title of the Chinese religion in Persians (this may be related to the western region and the Islamic religion that is hostile to worship.) Communication along Silk Road to the east is considered to be the earliest religion that was introduced to the Western Regions. Worshiping Torch was once the National Education of Persia, and was forced to move east after the rise of the Arab Empire. It is recorded that all countries in the Western Regions at that time believed in the Toshist religion. In China, they were supported by the emperor of the northern countries in the Northern and Southern Dynasties in China. In the Tang Dynasty, there were also many ancestral temples to prepare "Hu Shang praying". Sa Bo's position tries to incorporate religion into the national management system. But the Song Dynasty basically disappeared after the Song Dynasty. Its religious customs were reserved by Uyghur and Tajik, becoming a custom of a national culture.
The is a branch of the Syrian Christian Nestii sect. Historical records recorded the emperor's favor in the early Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin approved the construction of a temple in Chang'an. The later renamed "Roman Temple" and "Daqin Temple"; By the Tang Dynasty, Arroben was regarded as the Dafa master of the town, and the church also hung up the statues of the Tang emperors of the past. After the outbreak of the An history of AD in 755 AD, the Eristo Yis assisted Guo Ziyi to chaos and was later given a purple clothes. Since 635, Jingjiao has developed successfully in China for 150 years. After the difficulty of Huichang Law, Jingjiao slowly weakened, but continued until the Catholicism of the Ming Dynasty entered China.
It's gradually unsteady after the Yuan Dynasty from the West to the Oriental Silk Road, indirectly stimulated the rise of European sea power. After the publishing of Chinese travel notes in Marco Polo, China and Asia became a prosperity for many Europeans to yearn for. A rich civilized country. The Spanish and Portuguese countries have begun to bypass the Mediterranean routes controlled by Italy and Turkey and the old Silk Road. It will be connected to China through the sea road and hopes to obtain greater profits than Silk Road trade. Some countries also hope to pass on the religion of their beliefs to the East. In 1492, one goal of Columbus Vanity was that he could eventually reach China and create another main trade way than Silk Road, but he led Europe to discover the new continent of the Americas in the big disappointment. So the explorer after Columbus opened the colonies of the new world in the Americas. After the 17th century, the Netherlands and Britain also expanded their forces in Africa, the Americas, and South Pacific. In the early 19th century, although European power was spread on the sea, China was still considered a place for the West by the West. It is the most prosperous and ancient civilization. Scholars believe that this is the Silk Road in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, and finally arrived in Europe. Essence

The maritime Silk Road (Ceramics Road) is a maritime passage between ancient China and foreign traffic trade and cultural exchanges. The starting point is Quanzhou, Fujian. The Silk Road on the Maritime was formed in the Qin and Han dynasties. It was developed in the Sui Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms. It was prosperous during the Tang and Song dynasties. It was transformed in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Before the Silk Road on the land, there was already the Maritime Silk Road. It mainly includes the East China Sea and the South China Sea route. The Maritime Silk Road is an ancient sea road traffic arteries. Since the Han Dynasty, China has been in contact with the Malaysian Peninsula. Especially after the Tang Dynasty, the relationship was closer. As a way to contact, the most convenient is of course navigation. It is the Maritime Silk Road we call. The main commodity cargo transported by the sea passage during the Sui and Tang dynasties was silk, so everyone called the sea road connected to the East and the West as the Maritime Silk Road. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, the exit of porcelain gradually became the main cargo, so people also called it "the road of sea ceramics." At the same time, because the input products have always been the main spices, it has also called it "the road of maritime spices". The Silk Road was a collective name for all the channels for China and the West at that time, and it was not only one way. In addition to land transportation, there is also a route to the West through the sea road. This is the so -called sea road.
The features: 1. The Silk Road has strengthened the China -Western trade and the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures has been strengthened.
2, the Silk Road promotes the friendship of the people of China and foreign countries. After the opening of the Silk Road, the friendship between China, Asia, West Asia, and southern European ethnic groups is endless and closer.
3, the Silk Road promotion of the joint economic and trade development along the lines along the line. Become the road of economic and cultural exchanges in Asia and Europe and Africa.
4, the maritime Silk Road has changed the appearance and state of many things throughout the world in terms of navigation, and has caused numerous changes to promote the development of world navigation technology, such as the use of "guidelines".
5. Bring the most advanced industrial technology in China at that time to the West, such as "gunpowder", "papermaking", and "printing", which promoted the development of Western industries.
The purpose of the same characteristics

The Pacific Silk Road
The trade bonds on the Pacific Ocean
from the 1970s to early 19th century, corresponding to China and Latin America during the Ming and Qing Dynasties of China and Latin America. There is a Pacific Silk Road.
The is the islands of the Philippines since 1565, which has opened up the Pacific route. In 1571, the Spaniards rescued a Chinese ship in the Minshu Waihai Sea. In 1572, the southern Fujian merchants transported many valuable products to Manila, including silk, porcelain and incense, musk, metal products, and fruits, meat pickled waxy and so on. After all the Spaniards were bought, they were transferred to Akapulco in Mexico. Akaprco is located along the Pacific coast, about 300 kilometers from Mexico City, and is an important port city in Gralo, Mexico. From then on, from the ports of Chinese coast to Manila to Akapurko, every year.
P. After the establishment of the Pacific Silk Road, Chinese goods continued to enter the Americas. Most of the rich products are produced in China, and some are produced in the Philippines in southern Fujian. These products involve woven -dye embroidery and sewing, brewing fried sugar oil, shoe -making system, wooden mud work, gold, silver, iron, copper, tin tin, and paint with lime boiling candles. industry. There are thousands of Chinese goods transported to Mexico and transporting all over the Americas, but silk goods always occupy a prominent position. These Chinese silk and embroidery products include Luo Sa, Saisha, and floating flower brocade with gold and silver threads, including clothing, shawl, silk quilt, handkerchief, table cloth, socks, skirts, and men's robes, and churches Fa Yi and Yuxing Hall have a wide name and thick quality, but they are all best -selling goods.
The Chinese silk fabrics are cheap. Around 1640, Chinese silk fabrics transported to Mexico are one -third of the same goods in Spain. The quality of Chinese brocade is much better than Spain's line satin, and the price is only half of its price. Essence In 1592, the total value of China's imported goods in China had exceeded Spain.
See weaving industry in Mexico began to develop around 1530. By 1541, the production of Tiff silk and velvet has begun. In 1600, the Spanish royal family legislative prohibit the grown of mulberry trees in the Americas, which led to the desperation of the silk weaving industry in Mexico. Silk weaving industry can re -start. It can be seen that Chinese Silk has been together with the Mexican silk weaving industry. The Pacific Silk Road brought economic prosperity to Latin America. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number of silver dollars circulating in the Chinese market was increasing. Entering the Mexican silver dollar (eagle) in China is about six cents, or more in China. This is undoubtedly a great benefit for China, which has replaced banknotes since the middle of the 15th century. However, some scholars believe that Mexican silver dollar is the last straw that crushes the Daming Empire. The Daming Empire used silver to carry out the management system reform, but it did not establish the security system corresponding to the silver corresponding to the silver. As a result, Daming's economy was in a rumor. When the Daming Empire and Zhang Xianzhong, Li Zicheng and the war with Manqing came, the balance was broken, the original silver contradictions broke out, lost the safety valve, and could only sit at the collapse of the situation. In 1815 during the Mexican Independence War, when the last Spanish commercial ships transported by Chinese goods were closed and left Akaprko, it announced the end of this Pacific Silk Road.
The farming communication on the American continent
The on the Ming and Qing dynasties, China has sprouted capitalism, but after all, agriculture is dominated by agriculture. After the Geographical discovery, some of the native grain crops, economic crops, and vegetables and vegetables crops in the Americas were specified to Europe and Southeast Asia, and passed through these areas to China. A big influence. The Americas have been planting corn for more than 5000 years, and Columbus said it is sweet and delicious. In the 16th century, China introduced corn from the Arabs of West Asia, called "Jade Mai". At the end of the 16th century, Li Shizhen recorded corn in Hubei in the "Compendium of Materia Medica". At the beginning of the 19th century, the mountains in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, and Hunan were planted with corn, and corn became the "grain of mountain farmers".
The sweet potato and the sweet potatoes planted in China more than 2000 years ago are different varieties. In 1584 and 1585, sweet potatoes were introduced from the Philippines and Vietnam to Jinjiang, southern Fujian. In 1594, Fujian drought, people spent the disaster by sweet potatoes. Later, Fujian people introduced new sweet potato varieties from Brunei and other places. One signs could produce more than ten pounds, so they gradually extended from Fujian and Zhejiang to Huanghuai and North China.
The potato origin is Peru and Chile. In the 17th century, the Dutch brought potatoes to Taiwan, and later passed on Fujian, known as "potato". Later, Java also had potato introduced to Guangdong, called "Dutch potato". In the 19th century, potato began to plant potatoes in the northeast, known as "potatoes". There were small grain peanuts in China more than 5,000 years ago. In the Han Dynasty, it was called "Yu Ganzi", but it was not planted. Brazil's large grain peanuts were introduced into Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Taihu Basin from Nanyang in the middle of the 16th century. "Miscellaneous". Brazil's big grain peanuts "lead the vines and flowers, and flowers are born", so the Ming people call it "falling peanuts". When Columbus discovered the New World, a follower of Tobacco on a small island in China and seeing smoking was a social way when the Indians were rally and welcomed. After the 1970s, tobacco was introduced from Luzon Island, Philippines to Taiwan and Fujian, or from Indonesia and Vietnam to Guangdong, and then spreading all over the country; the north was introduced from the Japanese Peninsula to the northeast, and then entered the customs. In the Northeast Bian Bian, the Ming Army and the reclamation of the creampiers used smoking to solve the disadvantage of God, and drove the cold to warm up. In 1641, the ban on the Manchu outside outside the customs was canceled.
Tomatoes are northern of the northern part of the Anneas. The 16th century was introduced to China by churches. In 1613, "The Zhi County Chronicle" (La Shi County was governed in La Shi Town, and now it belongs to Lintong County, Shanxi Province). Tomato was in China, until the 19th century, it was just an ornamental plant, and later became one of the most commonly cultivated fruit.
Porn native country is Mexico. In the 16th century, peppers were introduced from Nanyang to China, called "sea peppers", "spicy" and "spicy eggplant". Pepper is an ideal condiment. The cold areas in the Mainland and the north are generally planted. After the pepper is cited, China has decreased greatly to expensive spices such as pepper and cloves. Sichuan, Hunan, and Guizhou dishes are also indispensable, and they have become the local characteristics of the eight major cuisines.